Tables: Landscaping¶
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1. Table 7-1: USDA Hardiness Zones for New Jersey¶
| Zone | USDA Minimum Temperature | |
|---|---|---|
| Temperate Zone 5 | a | -20 to -15 |
| b | -15 to -10 | |
| Temperate Zone 6 | a | -10 to -5 |
| b | -5 to 0 | |
| Temperate Zone 7 | a | 0 to 5 |
| b | 5 to 10 |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. Table 7-1: USDA Hardiness Zones for New Jersey | Zone | | USDA Minimum Temperature | | --- | --- | --- | | Temperate Zone 5 | a | -20 to -15 | | | b | -15 to -10 | | Temperate Zone 6 | a | -10 to -5 | | | b | -5 to 0 | | Temperate Zone 7 | a | 0 to 5 | | | b | 5 to 10 | Figure 7-1: USDA Plant Hardiness Zones' Average Annual Minimum Temperature (New Jersey) Hardiness Zones Range of average annual minimum temperatures for each zone (degrees Fahrenheit)2. Table 2¶
| Tree Species | Understory |
|---|---|
| • Hickory • Chestnut oak • Scarlet oak • Scrub oak • White oak • Red oak • Black oak • Scrub pine • Pitch pine • Short leaf pine • White pine • Hemlocks • Beech • Black jack oak • Sugar maple |
• Sweet fern • Flowering dogwood • Black haw • Chinquapin • Sassafras • Redbud • Mountain laurel • Blueberry • Fringe tree • Pink azalea • Spicebush • Maple-leaved arrowwood |
Source context and notes
Interestingly, in the Piedmont, several ridge formations tower over the adjacent lowlands – the three Watchung Mountains (850, 650, and 350 feet high), Cushetunk Mountain, the Sourlands, and the Palisades. These ridges are made of intrusive or extrusive lava material known as diabase and basaltic rocks, both of which are much harder than the shale and sandstone of the Piedmont. While the diabase and basalt have resisted erosion, the less resistant shale and sandstone have been worn down, resulting in the lower elevations. Differences in rock formations, combined with the fact that glacial deposits of varying age covered only part of the Piedmont, have resulted in a variety of soil types within the area. These variations appear to be less important to vegetation than the variation of soil water drainage. Exposed rock and soil at the surface of the Piedmont is the product of intense weathering of local bedrock and the influence that glacial ice sheets had on the landscape. Continuous cycles of freezing and thawing in the rocks and soils produced landform characteristics consisting of subsurface depressions and uneven ground. Boulder fields, like those found on the Rocky Hill Ridge, were heaved to the surface by the expanding and contracting of the permafrost during glacial periods. During the interglacial periods when the ice sheets retreated, massive loads of sediment were deposited in meltwater streams. Remnants of these outwash sediments formed thin, patchy deposits known as till on the surface of the Piedmont uplands. Riverbeds, stream valleys, and other lowlands were filled with glacial sediments, forming river terraces and wide outwash plains. Silt, clay, and fine sand deposits filled the bottoms of glacially formed lakes and ponds, which have since become swamps and meadows layered with peat and muck. Subsequent weathering and erosion have continued to shape and reshape the surface and produce the modern soil profile of the Piedmont. Common Species of Ridge and Valley, Highlands, and Piedmont Sections | Tree Species | Understory | | --- | --- | | • Hickory• Chestnut oak
• Scarlet oak
• Scrub oak
• White oak
• Red oak
• Black oak
• Scrub pine
• Pitch pine
• Short leaf pine
• White pine
• Hemlocks
• Beech
• Black jack oak
• Sugar maple | • Sweet fern
• Flowering dogwood
• Black haw
• Chinquapin
• Sassafras
• Redbud
• Mountain laurel
• Blueberry
• Fringe tree
• Pink azalea
• Spicebush
• Maple-leaved arrowwood |
3. Table 3¶
| Tree Species | Understory |
|---|---|
| • Loblolly pine • Virginia pine • Pitch pine • Pond pine • Sweet gum • Willow oak • Water oak • Basket oak • Pin oak • Post oak • Spanish oak • Black cottonwood • Pale hickory • Bitternut hickory • Sweet bay • American holly • Beech • Tulip tree • River birch |
• Blueberry • Huckleberry • Greenbrier • Sand blackberry • Beach plum • Beach heather • Bay berry • Sweet pepper bush • Azalea • Maleberry • Stagger bush • Fetter bush • Inkberry • Alder buckhorn |
Source context and notes
Source revision: February 2004. # Inner and Outer Coastal Plain Sections The Inner and Outer Coastal Plain provinces are recognized by flat or gently rolling topography and elevations rising from sea level to a height of 373 feet. Coastal Plain marshes and swampy tidal flats occur throughout the New Jersey Coastal Zone. Sands, sandy loams, and silt loams resulting from sea deposits make up the soils of the Coastal Plain. The climate is mild and sometimes rainy, similar to that found further south. Because of low topographic relief and proximity to sea level, extensive swamp areas are common to the Coastal Plain province. Most notable are the Atlantic White Cedar swamps found in the Pinelands. ## Common Species of the Inner and Outer Coaster Plain Sections | Tree Species | Understory | | --- | --- | | • Loblolly pine• Virginia pine
• Pitch pine
• Pond pine
• Sweet gum
• Willow oak
• Water oak
• Basket oak
• Pin oak
• Post oak
• Spanish oak
• Black cottonwood
• Pale hickory
• Bitternut hickory
• Sweet bay
• American holly
• Beech
• Tulip tree
• River birch | • Blueberry
• Huckleberry
• Greenbrier
• Sand blackberry
• Beach plum
• Beach heather
• Bay berry
• Sweet pepper bush
• Azalea
• Maleberry
• Stagger bush
• Fetter bush
• Inkberry
• Alder buckhorn |
4. Table 4¶
| Tree Species | Understory |
|---|---|
| • River birch • Willows • Silver maple • Sweet gum • Sycamore • Box elder • Green ash • American elm • Swamp white oak • Basswood • Hackberry |
• Shrub willows • Ninebark • Silky and redosier dogwoods • Sweet pepperbush • Buttonbush • Spicebush • Winterberry and inkberry holly • Elderberry • Alders |
Source context and notes
Source revision: February 2004. # Floodplain Regions Floodplains occur across New Jersey's physiographic provinces as low-lying areas adjacent to streams and rivers. Floodplain plant communities are similar across most of the state because of common soil characteristics governed by occasional flooding and high groundwater. Stormwater management facilities are often located in floodplains, and plant associations in these areas can provide valuable information for successful BMP plantings. ## Common Species of Floodplain Regions | Tree Species | Understory | | --- | --- | | • River birch• Willows
• Silver maple
• Sweet gum
• Sycamore
• Box elder
• Green ash
• American elm
• Swamp white oak
• Basswood
• Hackberry | • Shrub willows
• Ninebark
• Silky and redosier dogwoods
• Sweet pepperbush
• Buttonbush
• Spicebush
• Winterberry and inkberry holly
• Elderberry
• Alders | # Three Hydrologic Zones Before planting within a stormwater management facility, it is necessary to determine which hydrologic zones will be created. Hydrologic zones describe the degree to which an area is inundated by water. Plants have differing tolerances to inundation; as an aid to landscape designers, these tolerance levels have been divided into six zones for which corresponding plant species have been identified. Part 4 includes a native plant list with appropriate hydrologic zones designated for each species. The hydrologic zones that are bracketed “[ ]” are where the plants tend to occur. There may be other zones listed outside of these brackets. These plants may occur in these zones, but are not typically found in them. On occasion, plants may be found outside of their hardiness and hydrologic zone. Plants tend to grow anywhere they can compete and survive. Additionally, hydrologic conditions in a stormwater management facility may fluctuate in unpredictable ways; thus, the use of plants capable of tolerating wide varieties of hydrologic conditions greatly increases a successful planting. Conversely, plants suited for specific hydrologic conditions may perish when hydrologic conditions fluctuate, expose the soil, and increase the chance for erosion.
5. Table 7-2: Hydrologic Zones¶
| Zone | Zone Description | Hydrologic Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Zone 1 | Deep water pool | 1-6 feet deep permanent pool |
| Zone 2 | Shallow water bench | 6 inches to 1 foot deep |
| Zone 3 | Shoreline fringe | Regularly inundated |
| Zone 4 | Riparian fringe | Periodically inundated |
| Zone 5 | Floodplain terrace | Infrequently inundated |
| Zone 6 | Upland slopes | Seldom or never inundated |
Source context and notes
It is important to recognize that plants typically found in wetlands may be cultivated in non-wetland conditions; hence the importance of obtaining plants cultivated in similar hydrologic and soil conditions as those present in the stormwater management facility. A plant typically found in wetlands, but cultivated in non-wetland conditions, may not survive if installed in wetland conditions. ## Ponds and Constructed Wetlands Before planting within a stormwater management facility, determine which hydrologic zones will be created. Hydrologic zones describe the degree to which an area is inundated by water. Plants have differing tolerances to inundation; the six zones described in this section will dictate which plants will survive where. Every facility does not necessarily exhibit all of these zones. Table 7-2: Hydrologic Zones | Zone | Zone Description | Hydrologic Conditions | | --- | --- | --- | | Zone 1 | Deep water pool | 1-6 feet deep permanent pool | | Zone 2 | Shallow water bench | 6 inches to 1 foot deep | | Zone 3 | Shoreline fringe | Regularly inundated | | Zone 4 | Riparian fringe | Periodically inundated | | Zone 5 | Floodplain terrace | Infrequently inundated | | Zone 6 | Upland slopes | Seldom or never inundated | ## Zone 1: Deep Water Pool (1 to 6 feet) Ponds and wetlands both have deep pool areas that comprise Zone 1. These pools range from 1 to 6 feet in depth and are best colonized by submergent plants, if at all. This pondscaping zone has not been routinely planted for several reasons: first, the availability of plant materials that can survive and grow in this zone is limited; and second, it is feared that plants could clog the stormwater facility outlet structure. In many cases, these plants will gradually become established through natural recolonization, i.e., transport of plant fragments from other ponds via the feet and legs of waterfowl. If submerged plant material becomes more commercially available and clogging concerns are addressed, this area can be planted. The function of the planting is to reduce resedimentation and improve oxidation while creating a greater aquatic habitat. Select plants that can:6. Table 7-3: Common Emergent Wetland Plant Species Used for Stormwater Wetlands and on Aquatic Benches of Stormwater Ponds¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Inundation Tolerance |
|---|---|---|
| Arrow arum | Peltandra virginica | up to 12” |
| Arrowhead/Duck potato | Saggitaria latifolia | up to 12” |
| Pickerelweed | Pontederia cordata | up to 12” |
| Blunt spike rush | Eleocharis obtusa | up to 3” |
| Bushy beardgrass | Andropogon glomeratus | up to 3” |
| Common three-square | Scirpus pungens | up to 6” |
| Iris (blue flag) | Iris versicolor | up to 6” |
| Marsh hibiscus | Hibiscus moscheutos | up to 3” |
| Spatterdock | Nuphar luteum | up to 36” |
| Sedges | Carex spp. | up to 6” |
| Soft rush | Juncus effusus | up to 6” |
| Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum | up to 3” |
| Note 1: Inundation tolerance is maximum inches below the normal pool; most plants prefer shallower depths than the maximum indicated. Note 2: For additional plant options, consult the stormwater planting list in Section 5. Other good sources include the NJDA Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey, Design of Stormwater Wetland Systems (Schueler 1992), and Wetland Planting Guide for the Northeastern United States (Thunhorst 1993). |
Source context and notes
# Part 4: Bioretention # Soil Bed Characteristics The characteristics of the soil for the bioretention facility are perhaps as important as the facility location, size, and treatment volume. The soil must be permeable enough to allow runoff to filter through the media, while having characteristics suitable to promote and sustain a robust vegetative cover crop. In addition, much of the nutrient pollutant uptake (nitrogen and phosphorus) is accomplished through absorption and microbial activity within the soil profile. Therefore, the soils must balance soil chemistry and physical properties to support biotic communities above and below ground. Table 7-3: Common Emergent Wetland Plant Species Used for Stormwater Wetlands and on Aquatic Benches of Stormwater Ponds | Common Name | Scientific Name | Inundation Tolerance | | --- | --- | --- | | Arrow arum | Peltandra virginica | up to 12” | | Arrowhead/Duck potato | Saggitaria latifolia | up to 12” | | Pickerelweed | Pontederia cordata | up to 12” | | Blunt spike rush | Eleocharis obtusa | up to 3” | | Bushy beardgrass | Andropogon glomeratus | up to 3” | | Common three-square | Scirpus pungens | up to 6” | | Iris (blue flag) | Iris versicolor | up to 6” | | Marsh hibiscus | Hibiscus moscheutos | up to 3” | | Spatterdock | Nuphar luteum | up to 36” | | Sedges | Carex spp. | up to 6” | | Soft rush | Juncus effusus | up to 6” | | Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum | up to 3” | | Note 1: Inundation tolerance is maximum inches below the normal pool; most plants prefer shallower depths than the maximum indicated.Note 2: For additional plant options, consult the stormwater planting list in Section 5. Other good sources include the NJDA Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey, Design of Stormwater Wetland Systems (Schueler 1992), and Wetland Planting Guide for the Northeastern United States (Thunhorst 1993). | | | Details of the planting soil are discussed in Chapter 9.1 Standard for Bioretention Systems. The soil should be free of stones, stumps, roots, or other woody material over 1 inch in diameter. Brush or seeds from noxious weeds, such as Johnson grass, Mugwort, Nutsedge, Purple loosestrife, and Canadian thistle should not be present in the soils. Placement of the planting soil should be in lifts of 12 to 18 inches, loosely compacted (tamped lightly with a dozer or backhoe bucket). Specific soil characteristics are presented in Table 7-4.
7. Table 7-4: Planting Soil Characteristics¶
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| pH range | 5.2 to 7.00 |
| Organic matter | 1.5 to 4.0% |
| Magnesium | 35 lbs. per acre, minimum |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 75 lbs. per acre, minimum |
| Potassium (K2O) | 85 lbs. per acre, minimum |
| Soluble salts | < = 500 ppm |
| Clay | 10 to 25% |
| Silt | 30 to 55% |
| Sand | 35 to 60% |
| Source: Adapted from Schueler and Claytor 2000. |
Source context and notes
# Mulch Layer The mulch layer plays an important role in the performance of the bioretention system by helping to maintain soil moisture and avoiding surface sealing that reduces permeability. Mulch helps prevent erosion and provides a microenvironment suitable for soil biota at the mulch/soil interface. It also serves as a pretreatment layer, trapping the finer sediments that remain suspended after the primary pretreatment. The mulch layer should be standard landscape style, single or double, shredded hardwood mulch or chips. The mulch layer should be well aged (stockpiled or stored for at least 12 months), uniform in color, and free of other materials such as weed seeds, soil, roots, etc. The mulch should be applied to a maximum depth of 3 inches. Grass clippings should not be used as a mulch material. Table 7-4: Planting Soil Characteristics | Parameter | Value | | --- | --- | | pH range | 5.2 to 7.00 | | Organic matter | 1.5 to 4.0% | | Magnesium | 35 lbs. per acre, minimum | | Phosphorus (P2O5) | 75 lbs. per acre, minimum | | Potassium (K2O) | 85 lbs. per acre, minimum | | Soluble salts | < = 500 ppm | | Clay | 10 to 25% | | Silt | 30 to 55% | | Sand | 35 to 60% | | Source: Adapted from Schueler and Claytor 2000. | | Figure 7-7: Planting Zones for a Bioretention Facility [Figure: img-7.jpeg (original PDF, p. 20)](SOURCE.pdf#page=20) Source: Claytor and Schueler 1997.8. Table 7-5: Commonly Used Species for Bioretention Areas¶
| Trees | Shrubs | Herbaceous Species |
|---|---|---|
| Acer rubrum Red maple |
Clethra alnifolia Sweet pepperbush |
Andropogon glomeratus Lowland broomsedge |
| Betula nigra River birch |
Ilex verticillata Winterberry |
Eupatorium purpureum Sweet-scented Joe Pye weed |
| Juniperus virginiata Eastern red cedar |
Cephalathus occidentalis Buttonbush |
Scripus pungens Three square bulrush |
| Chionanthus virginicus Fringe-tree |
Hamemelis virginiana Witch hazel |
Iris versicolor Blue flag |
| Nyssa sylvatica Black gum |
Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry |
Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower |
| Diospyros virginiana Persimmon |
Ilex glabra Inkberry |
Panicum virgatum Switchgrass |
| Platanus occidentalis Sycamore |
Ilex verticillata Winterberry |
Dichanthelium clandestinium Deertongue |
| Quercus palustris Pin oak |
Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood |
Rudbeckia laciniata Cutleaf coneflower |
| Quercus phellos Willow oak |
Lindera benzoin Spicebush |
Scirpus cyperinus Woolgrass |
| Salix nigra Black willow |
Morella pennsylvanica Bayberry |
Vernonia noveboracensis New York ironweed |
| Note: For more plant section options for bioretention, consult Design Manual for Use of Bioretention in Stormwater Management (ETA&B 1993) or Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems (Claytor and Schueler 1997). |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. Table 7-5: Commonly Used Species for Bioretention Areas | Trees | Shrubs | Herbaceous Species | | --- | --- | --- | | Acer rubrumRed maple | Clethra alnifolia
Sweet pepperbush | Andropogon glomeratus
Lowland broomsedge | | Betula nigra
River birch | Ilex verticillata
Winterberry | Eupatorium purpureum
Sweet-scented Joe Pye weed | | Juniperus virginiata
Eastern red cedar | Cephalathus occidentalis
Buttonbush | Scripus pungens
Three square bulrush | | Chionanthus virginicus
Fringe-tree | Hamemelis virginiana
Witch hazel | Iris versicolor
Blue flag | | Nyssa sylvatica
Black gum | Vaccinium corymbosum
Highbush blueberry | Lobelia cardinalis
Cardinal flower | | Diospyros virginiana
Persimmon | Ilex glabra
Inkberry | Panicum virgatum
Switchgrass | | Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore | Ilex verticillata
Winterberry | Dichanthelium clandestinium
Deertongue | | Quercus palustris
Pin oak | Viburnum dentatum
Arrowwood | Rudbeckia laciniata
Cutleaf coneflower | | Quercus phellos
Willow oak | Lindera benzoin
Spicebush | Scirpus cyperinus
Woolgrass | | Salix nigra
Black willow | Morella pennsylvanica
Bayberry | Vernonia noveboracensis
New York ironweed | | Note: For more plant section options for bioretention, consult Design Manual for Use of Bioretention in Stormwater Management (ETA&B 1993) or Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems (Claytor and Schueler 1997). | | | Table 7-6: Planting Specification Issues for Bioretention Areas | Specification Element | Elements | | --- | --- | | Sequence of construction | Describe site preparation activities, soil amendments, etc.; address erosion and sediment control procedures; specify step-by-step procedure for plant installation through site clean up. | | Contractor's responsibilities | Specify the contractor's responsibilities, such as watering, care of plant material during transport, timeliness of installation, repairs due to vandalism, etc. | | Planting schedule and specifications | Specify the plants to be installed, the type of materials (e.g., B&B, bare root, containerized); time of year of installations, sequence of installation of types of plants; fertilization, stabilization seeding, if required; watering and general care. | | Maintenance | Specify inspection periods; mulching frequency (annual mulching is most common); removal and replacement of dead and diseased vegetation; treatment of diseased trees; watering schedule after initial installation (once per day for 14 days is common); repair and replacement of staking and wires. | | Warranty | Specify the warranty period, the required survival rate, and the expected condition of plant species at the end of the warranty period. |
9. Table 7-6: Planting Specification Issues for Bioretention Areas¶
| Specification Element | Elements |
|---|---|
| Sequence of construction | Describe site preparation activities, soil amendments, etc.; address erosion and sediment control procedures; specify step-by-step procedure for plant installation through site clean up. |
| Contractor's responsibilities | Specify the contractor's responsibilities, such as watering, care of plant material during transport, timeliness of installation, repairs due to vandalism, etc. |
| Planting schedule and specifications | Specify the plants to be installed, the type of materials (e.g., B&B, bare root, containerized); time of year of installations, sequence of installation of types of plants; fertilization, stabilization seeding, if required; watering and general care. |
| Maintenance | Specify inspection periods; mulching frequency (annual mulching is most common); removal and replacement of dead and diseased vegetation; treatment of diseased trees; watering schedule after initial installation (once per day for 14 days is common); repair and replacement of staking and wires. |
| Warranty | Specify the warranty period, the required survival rate, and the expected condition of plant species at the end of the warranty period. |
Source context and notes
| Platanus occidentalisSycamore | Ilex verticillata
Winterberry | Dichanthelium clandestinium
Deertongue | | Quercus palustris
Pin oak | Viburnum dentatum
Arrowwood | Rudbeckia laciniata
Cutleaf coneflower | | Quercus phellos
Willow oak | Lindera benzoin
Spicebush | Scirpus cyperinus
Woolgrass | | Salix nigra
Black willow | Morella pennsylvanica
Bayberry | Vernonia noveboracensis
New York ironweed | | Note: For more plant section options for bioretention, consult Design Manual for Use of Bioretention in Stormwater Management (ETA&B 1993) or Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems (Claytor and Schueler 1997). | | | Table 7-6: Planting Specification Issues for Bioretention Areas | Specification Element | Elements | | --- | --- | | Sequence of construction | Describe site preparation activities, soil amendments, etc.; address erosion and sediment control procedures; specify step-by-step procedure for plant installation through site clean up. | | Contractor's responsibilities | Specify the contractor's responsibilities, such as watering, care of plant material during transport, timeliness of installation, repairs due to vandalism, etc. | | Planting schedule and specifications | Specify the plants to be installed, the type of materials (e.g., B&B, bare root, containerized); time of year of installations, sequence of installation of types of plants; fertilization, stabilization seeding, if required; watering and general care. | | Maintenance | Specify inspection periods; mulching frequency (annual mulching is most common); removal and replacement of dead and diseased vegetation; treatment of diseased trees; watering schedule after initial installation (once per day for 14 days is common); repair and replacement of staking and wires. | | Warranty | Specify the warranty period, the required survival rate, and the expected condition of plant species at the end of the warranty period. |
10. Table 7-7: Common Grass Species for Open Channels¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Alkali saltgrass | Puccinellia distans | Cool, good for wet, saline swales |
| Fowl bluegrass | Poa palustris | Cool, good for wet swales |
| Canada bluejoint | Calamagrostis canadensis | Cool, good for wet swales |
| Creeping bentgrass | Agrostis palustris | Cool, good for wet swales, salt tolerant |
| Red fescue | Festuca rubra | Cool, not for wet swales |
| Redtop | Agrostis gigantea | Cool, good for wet swales |
| Rough bluegrass | Poa trivialis | Cool, good for wet, shady swales |
| Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum | Warm, good for wet swales, some salt tolerance |
| Wildrye | Elymus virginicus/riparius | Cool, good for shady, wet swales |
| Notes: These grasses are sod forming and can withstand frequent inundation, and are ideal for the swale or grass channel environment. A few are also salt-tolerant. Cool refers to cool season grasses that grow during the cooler temperatures of spring and fall. Warm refers to warm season grasses that grow most vigorously during the hot, mid-summer months. Where possible, one or more of these grasses should be in the seed mixes. For a more thorough listing of seed mixes see Table 7-8 in Part 5 or consult the Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey. |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. Table 7-7: Common Grass Species for Open Channels | Common Name | Scientific Name | Notes | | --- | --- | --- | | Alkali saltgrass | Puccinellia distans | Cool, good for wet, saline swales | | Fowl bluegrass | Poa palustris | Cool, good for wet swales | | Canada bluejoint | Calamagrostis canadensis | Cool, good for wet swales | | Creeping bentgrass | Agrostis palustris | Cool, good for wet swales, salt tolerant | | Red fescue | Festuca rubra | Cool, not for wet swales | | Redtop | Agrostis gigantea | Cool, good for wet swales | | Rough bluegrass | Poa trivialis | Cool, good for wet, shady swales | | Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum | Warm, good for wet swales, some salt tolerance | | Wildrye | Elymus virginicus/riparius | Cool, good for shady, wet swales | | Notes: These grasses are sod forming and can withstand frequent inundation, and are ideal for the swale or grass channel environment. A few are also salt-tolerant. Cool refers to cool season grasses that grow during the cooler temperatures of spring and fall. Warm refers to warm season grasses that grow most vigorously during the hot, mid-summer months.Where possible, one or more of these grasses should be in the seed mixes. For a more thorough listing of seed mixes see Table 7-8 in Part 5 or consult the Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey. | | | ## Vegetative Filters and Stream Buffers For design and plant selection of vegetative filter strips and stream buffers, consult the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, New Jersey Conservation Practice Standards No. 342 "Critical Area Planting," No. 393 "Filter Strip," or No. 391 "Riparian Stream Buffers," available on the web at www.nj.nrcs.usda.gov through the Electronic Field Office Technical Guide (eFOTG).
11. Table 7-8: Grass Mixtures for Quickly Vegetating Wetland Sites¶
| Species | Common Name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Agrostis gigantea | Redtop | SP,I,CG |
| Agrostis palustris | Creeping bentgrass | P,I,CG |
| Calamagrostis candensis | Canada bluejoint | P,N,CG |
| Cinna arundinacea | Wood reedgrass | P,N,CG |
| Dicanthelium clandestinum | Deertongue | P,N,WG |
| Elymus virginicus VA./riparius | Riparian wildrye | P,N,CG |
| Lolium multiflorum | Annual ryegrass | A,I,CG |
| Panicum virgatum | Switchgrass | P,N,WG |
| Poa trivialis | Rough bluegrass | P,I,CG |
| Poa palustris | Fowl bluegrass | P,N,CG |
| Puccinellia distans | Alkali saltgrass | P,N,CG |
| Tripsacum dactyloides | Eastern gamagrass | P,N,WG |
| Legend: P = perennial CG = cool-season grass A = annual WG = warm-season grass I = introduced CL = cool-season legume N = native SP = short-lived perennial |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. Table 7-8: Grass Mixtures for Quickly Vegetating Wetland Sites | Species | Common Name | Remarks | | --- | --- | --- | | Agrostis gigantea | Redtop | SP,I,CG | | Agrostis palustris | Creeping bentgrass | P,I,CG | | Calamagrostis candensis | Canada bluejoint | P,N,CG | | Cinna arundinacea | Wood reedgrass | P,N,CG | | Dicanthelium clandestinum | Deertongue | P,N,WG | | Elymus virginicus VA./riparius | Riparian wildrye | P,N,CG | | Lolium multiflorum | Annual ryegrass | A,I,CG | | Panicum virgatum | Switchgrass | P,N,WG | | Poa trivialis | Rough bluegrass | P,I,CG | | Poa palustris | Fowl bluegrass | P,N,CG | | Puccinellia distans | Alkali saltgrass | P,N,CG | | Tripsacum dactyloides | Eastern gamagrass | P,N,WG | | Legend: P = perennial CG = cool-season grass A = annual WG = warm-season grass I = introduced CL = cool-season legume N = native SP = short-lived perennial | | | Note: Warm-season grass seeding rates are based on Pure Live Seed (PLS). ## Suitable Seed Mixtures SEED MIX 1: Warm-season mixture suitable for highly acid soils. Provides excellent wildlife value.12. Table 7-9: Stormwater Plant List – Herbaceous Vegetation¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arrow arum | Peltandra virginica | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Arrowhead, bull-tongue | Sagittaria lancifolia | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants |
| Arrowhead, duck potato | Sagittaria latifolia | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-2' | Plants, Bare-root, Seed |
| Arrowhead, grass-leaf | Sagittaria graminea | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants |
| Aster, calico | Aster lateriflorus | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW- | Seasonal | Seed, Plants |
| Aster, New England | Aster novae-angliae | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants |
| Aster, New York | Aster novibelgil | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Seed, Plants |
| Aster, panicled | Aster simplex (lanceolatus) | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants |
| Aster, white heath | Aster ericoides | Perennial | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU | No | Seed |
| Aster, white wood | Aster divercatus | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | NI | No | Plants |
| Beachgrass, American | Ammophila breviligulata | Grass | 4[5,6] | FACU- | No | Dormant culms Plants |
| Beardtongue | Penstemon digitalis | Perennial | 3,4,5 | FAC | No | Plants, Seed |
| Beebalm | Monarda didyma | Perennial | 3,[4,5] | FAC+ | Saturated | Plants, Seed |
| Beggars-tick | Bidens connata | Annual | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Seed |
| Beggars-tick | Bidens frondosa | Annual | 2,[3,4] | FACW | Yes | Seed |
| Bentgrass, creeping | Agrostis palustris | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed |
| Bergamot, wild | Monarda fistulosa | Perennial | [4,5,6] | UPL | No | Plants, Seed |
| Black-eyed susan | Rudbeckia hirta | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACU- | No | Plugs, Seed |
| Bladderwort, common | Utricularia macrorhiza | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants |
| Blue lobelia | Lobelia siphilitica | Perennial | 1,[2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Bluebells, Virginia | Mertensia virginica | Perennial | [2,31,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Bluegrass, fowl | Poa palustris | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed |
| Bluegrass, rough | Poa trivialis | Grass | 2,[3,4],5 | FACW | Seasonal | Seed |
| Bluestem, big | Andropogon gerardii | Grass | [4,5],6 | FAC | No | Seed, Plants |
| Bluestem, little | Schizachyrium scoparium | Grass | 6 | FACU | No | Seed, Plants |
| Boneset | Eupatorium perfoliatum | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Broomsedge | Andropogon virginicus | Grass | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Seed |
| Broomsedge, lowland | Andropogon glomeratus | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants |
| Bulrush, alkali | Scirpus robustus | Grass-like | 1,[2],3 | OBL | Salt, edge | Plants |
| Bulrush, chairmakers | Scirpus americanus | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6" | Plants, Seed |
| Bulrush, green | Scirpus atrovirens | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Bulrush, hardstemmed | Scirpus acutus | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-3' | Plants, Seed |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. Table 7-9: Stormwater Plant List – Herbaceous Vegetation | Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Arrow arum | Peltandra virginica | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Arrowhead, bull-tongue | Sagittaria lancifolia | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants | | Arrowhead, duck potato | Sagittaria latifolia | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-2' | Plants, Bare-root, Seed | | Arrowhead, grass-leaf | Sagittaria graminea | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants | | Aster, calico | Aster lateriflorus | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW- | Seasonal | Seed, Plants | | Aster, New England | Aster novae-angliae | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants | | Aster, New York | Aster novibelgil | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Seed, Plants | | Aster, panicled | Aster simplex (lanceolatus) | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants | | Aster, white heath | Aster ericoides | Perennial | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU | No | Seed | | Aster, white wood | Aster divercatus | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | NI | No | Plants | | Beachgrass, American | Ammophila breviligulata | Grass | 4[5,6] | FACU- | No | Dormant culms Plants | | Beardtongue | Penstemon digitalis | Perennial | 3,4,5 | FAC | No | Plants, Seed | | Beebalm | Monarda didyma | Perennial | 3,[4,5] | FAC+ | Saturated | Plants, Seed | | Beggars-tick | Bidens connata | Annual | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Seed | | Beggars-tick | Bidens frondosa | Annual | 2,[3,4] | FACW | Yes | Seed | | Bentgrass, creeping | Agrostis palustris | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed | | Bergamot, wild | Monarda fistulosa | Perennial | [4,5,6] | UPL | No | Plants, Seed | | Black-eyed susan | Rudbeckia hirta | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACU- | No | Plugs, Seed | | Bladderwort, common | Utricularia macrorhiza | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants | | Blue lobelia | Lobelia siphilitica | Perennial | 1,[2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Bluebells, Virginia | Mertensia virginica | Perennial | [2,31,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Bluegrass, fowl | Poa palustris | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed | | Bluegrass, rough | Poa trivialis | Grass | 2,[3,4],5 | FACW | Seasonal | Seed | | Bluestem, big | Andropogon gerardii | Grass | [4,5],6 | FAC | No | Seed, Plants | | Bluestem, little | Schizachyrium scoparium | Grass | 6 | FACU | No | Seed, Plants | | Boneset | Eupatorium perfoliatum | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Broomsedge | Andropogon virginicus | Grass | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Seed | | Broomsedge, lowland | Andropogon glomeratus | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants | | Bulrush, alkali | Scirpus robustus | Grass-like | 1,[2],3 | OBL | Salt, edge | Plants | | Bulrush, chairmakers | Scirpus americanus | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6" | Plants, Seed | | Bulrush, green | Scirpus atrovirens | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Bulrush, hardstemmed | Scirpus acutus | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-3' | Plants, Seed |13. Table 13¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulrush, river | Scirpus fluviatilis | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Seed |
| Bulrush, softstem | Scirpus tabermontanii | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants, Seed |
| Bulrush, three-square | Scirpus pungens | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | 0-6" | Plants, Seed |
| Burnet, Canada | Sanguisorba canadensis | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants |
| Burreed, American | Sparganium americanum | Emergent Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants, Seed |
| Burreed, giant | Sparganium eurycarpum | Emergent Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Bushclover, roundheaded | Lespedeza capitata | Legume | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Seed, Plants |
| Butter-cup, yellow water | Ranunculus flabellaris | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants |
| Butterflyweed | Asclepias tuberosa | Perennial | [5,6] | NI | No | Plants, Seed |
| Cardinal flower | Lobelia cardinalis | Perennial | 1,[2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Celery, wild | Vallisneria americana | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Club, golden | Orontium aquaticum | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants |
| Columbine, wild | Aquilegia canadensis | Perennial | [3,4],5 | FAC | No | Plants, Seed |
| Coneflower, brown-eyed | Rudbeckia triloba | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACU | No | Plants, Seed |
| Coneflower, cut-leaf | Rudbeckia laciniata | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants |
| Coneflower, orange | Rudbeckia fulgida | Perennial | [3,4],5 | FAC | No | Seed |
| Cordgrass, big | Spartina cynosuroides | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Tidal-fresh | Plugs |
| Cordgrass, prairie | Spartina pectinata | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Tidal-fresh | Plants, Seed |
| Cordgrass, saltmarsh | Spartina alterniflora | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Salt, edge | Plants, Seed |
| Cordgrass, saltmeadow | Spartina patens | Grass | 1,[2,3],4 | FACW+ | Salt, edge | Plants |
| Coreopsis, dwarf plains | Coreopsis tinctoria | Annual | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC- | No | Seed, Plants |
| Coreopsis, lance-leaved | Coreopsis lanceolata | Perennial | 5,6 | FACU | No | Seed, Plants |
| Coreopsis, pink | Coreopsis rosea | Perennial | 2,[3,4] | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants |
| Coreopsis, tall | Coreopsis tripteris | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FAC | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Cutgrass, rice | Leersia oryzoides | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6" | Plants, Seed |
| Dragon-head, false (obedient plant) | Physostegia virginiana | Perennial | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC+ | Saturated | Plants, Seed |
| False-hellebore, American | Veratrum viride | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| False-solomon's-seal | Smilacina racemosa | Perennial | [4,5],6 | FACU- | No | Seed |
| Fern, cinnamon | Osmunda cinnamomea | Fern | [2,3],4 | FACW | Saturated | Plants |
| Fern, New York | Thelypteris noveboracensis | Fern | [3,4],5 | FAC | Saturated | Plants, Seed |
| Fern, royal | Osmunda regalis | Fern | [1,2],3 | OBL | Saturated | Plugs |
| Fern, sensitive | Onoclea sensibilis | Fern | [2,3],4 | FACW | Saturated | Plants, Seed |
| Fescue, hard | Festuca duriuscula | Grass | [3,4,5,6] | NI | No | Seed |
| Fescue, red | Festuca rubra | Grass | [4,5] | FACU | No | Seed |
| Fescue, sheeps | Festuca ovina | Grass | [4,5],6 | NI | No | Seed |
| Gamagrass, eastern | Tripsacum dactyloides | Grass | 2,[3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Seed |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. | Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Bulrush, river | Scirpus fluviatilis | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Seed | | Bulrush, softstem | Scirpus tabermontanii | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants, Seed | | Bulrush, three-square | Scirpus pungens | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | 0-6" | Plants, Seed | | Burnet, Canada | Sanguisorba canadensis | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants | | Burreed, American | Sparganium americanum | Emergent Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants, Seed | | Burreed, giant | Sparganium eurycarpum | Emergent Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Bushclover, roundheaded | Lespedeza capitata | Legume | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Seed, Plants | | Butter-cup, yellow water | Ranunculus flabellaris | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants | | Butterflyweed | Asclepias tuberosa | Perennial | [5,6] | NI | No | Plants, Seed | | Cardinal flower | Lobelia cardinalis | Perennial | 1,[2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Celery, wild | Vallisneria americana | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Club, golden | Orontium aquaticum | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants | | Columbine, wild | Aquilegia canadensis | Perennial | [3,4],5 | FAC | No | Plants, Seed | | Coneflower, brown-eyed | Rudbeckia triloba | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACU | No | Plants, Seed | | Coneflower, cut-leaf | Rudbeckia laciniata | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants | | Coneflower, orange | Rudbeckia fulgida | Perennial | [3,4],5 | FAC | No | Seed | | Cordgrass, big | Spartina cynosuroides | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Tidal-fresh | Plugs | | Cordgrass, prairie | Spartina pectinata | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Tidal-fresh | Plants, Seed | | Cordgrass, saltmarsh | Spartina alterniflora | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Salt, edge | Plants, Seed | | Cordgrass, saltmeadow | Spartina patens | Grass | 1,[2,3],4 | FACW+ | Salt, edge | Plants | | Coreopsis, dwarf plains | Coreopsis tinctoria | Annual | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC- | No | Seed, Plants | | Coreopsis, lance-leaved | Coreopsis lanceolata | Perennial | 5,6 | FACU | No | Seed, Plants | | Coreopsis, pink | Coreopsis rosea | Perennial | 2,[3,4] | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants | | Coreopsis, tall | Coreopsis tripteris | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FAC | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Cutgrass, rice | Leersia oryzoides | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6" | Plants, Seed | | Dragon-head, false (obedient plant) | Physostegia virginiana | Perennial | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC+ | Saturated | Plants, Seed | | False-hellebore, American | Veratrum viride | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | False-solomon's-seal | Smilacina racemosa | Perennial | [4,5],6 | FACU- | No | Seed | | Fern, cinnamon | Osmunda cinnamomea | Fern | [2,3],4 | FACW | Saturated | Plants | | Fern, New York | Thelypteris noveboracensis | Fern | [3,4],5 | FAC | Saturated | Plants, Seed | | Fern, royal | Osmunda regalis | Fern | [1,2],3 | OBL | Saturated | Plugs | | Fern, sensitive | Onoclea sensibilis | Fern | [2,3],4 | FACW | Saturated | Plants, Seed | | Fescue, hard | Festuca duriuscula | Grass | [3,4,5,6] | NI | No | Seed | | Fescue, red | Festuca rubra | Grass | [4,5] | FACU | No | Seed | | Fescue, sheeps | Festuca ovina | Grass | [4,5],6 | NI | No | Seed | | Gamagrass, eastern | Tripsacum dactyloides | Grass | 2,[3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Seed |14. Table 14¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goldenrod, roughleaf | Solidago patula | Perennial | 1,[2,3,] | OBL | Yes | Seed |
| Goldenrod, seaside | Solidago sempervirens | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Goldenrod, silverrod | Solidago bicolor | Perennial | 5,6 | NI | No | Plants, Seed |
| Goldenrod, stiff | Solidago rigida | Perennial | 5,6 | UPL | No | Plants, Seed |
| Goldenrod, wrinkleleaf | Solidago rugosa | Perennial | 3,[4,5] | FAC | No | Plants, Seed |
| Grass, alkali | Puccinellia distans | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Seed |
| Grass, deertongue | Dichanthelium clandestinium | Grass | [2,3],4 | FAC+ | Seasonal | Seed |
| Grass, Japanese millet | Echinochloa frumentcea | Annual Grass | [2,3],4 | NI | Yes | Seed |
| Grass, redtop | Agrostis gigantea | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed |
| Hornwort, common | Ceratoplyilurn dernersurn | Perennial | [1,21,3 | OBL | 1-5 | Plants |
| Horsetail, rough | Equisetum hyemale | Fern-like | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Plants |
| Indiangrass | Sorghastrum nutans | Grass | 5,6 | UPL | No | Seed, Plants |
| Iris, blue flag | Iris versicolor | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6" | Plants, Seed |
| Iris, yellow flag | Iris pseudacorus | Perennial | [3,4],5 | FAC | No | Plants, Seed |
| Ironweed, New York | Vernonia noveboracensis | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Jack-in-the-pulpit, swamp | Arisaerna triphyllurn | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Plants |
| Jacob's ladder | Polemonium reptans | Perennial | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Seed |
| Jacob's-ladder, bog | Polernoniurn vanbruntlae | Perennial | [3,4],5 | FAC+ | Saturated | Plants |
| Joe-pye, purple | Eupatoriadelphus purpureus | Perennial | 3,[4,5] | FAC | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Joe-pye, spotted | Eupatorium maculatus | Perennial | 2,[3,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Lily, turk's-cap | Lilium superbum | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Lizards tail | Saururus cernuus | Perennial | 2,3,4 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants |
| Lotus, American | Nelumbo lutea | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 1-5' | Plants, Seed |
| Lovegrass, purple/tumble | Eragrostis spectabilis | Grass | [5,6] | NI | No | Plants, Seed |
| Mallow, swamp rose | Hibiscus moscheutos | Perennial | 2,3 | OBL | 0-3" | Plants |
| Mallow, Virginia seashore | Kosteletzkya virginica | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes, saltedge | Plants |
| Managrass, American | Glyceria grandis | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Managrass, Atlantic | Glyceria obtusa | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants, Seed |
| Managrass, fowl | Glyceria striata | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Seasonal | Plants, Seed |
| Managrass, rattlesnake | Glyceria canadensis | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants, Seed |
| Marsh marigold | Caltha palustris | Perennial | 3,4 | OBL | 6", saturated | Plants, Seed |
| Marsh-mallow, common | Althaea officinalis | Perennial | [1,2,3] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Meadow-rue, tall | Thalictrum pubescens | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Seed, Plants |
| Milkweed, swamp | Asclepias incarnata | Perennial | 2,3 | OBL | Saturated | Plants, Seed |
| Monkey-flower | Mimulus ringens | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. | Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Goldenrod, roughleaf | Solidago patula | Perennial | 1,[2,3,] | OBL | Yes | Seed | | Goldenrod, seaside | Solidago sempervirens | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Goldenrod, silverrod | Solidago bicolor | Perennial | 5,6 | NI | No | Plants, Seed | | Goldenrod, stiff | Solidago rigida | Perennial | 5,6 | UPL | No | Plants, Seed | | Goldenrod, wrinkleleaf | Solidago rugosa | Perennial | 3,[4,5] | FAC | No | Plants, Seed | | Grass, alkali | Puccinellia distans | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Seed | | Grass, deertongue | Dichanthelium clandestinium | Grass | [2,3],4 | FAC+ | Seasonal | Seed | | Grass, Japanese millet | Echinochloa frumentcea | Annual Grass | [2,3],4 | NI | Yes | Seed | | Grass, redtop | Agrostis gigantea | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed | | Hornwort, common | Ceratoplyilurn dernersurn | Perennial | [1,21,3 | OBL | 1-5 | Plants | | Horsetail, rough | Equisetum hyemale | Fern-like | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Plants | | Indiangrass | Sorghastrum nutans | Grass | 5,6 | UPL | No | Seed, Plants | | Iris, blue flag | Iris versicolor | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6" | Plants, Seed | | Iris, yellow flag | Iris pseudacorus | Perennial | [3,4],5 | FAC | No | Plants, Seed | | Ironweed, New York | Vernonia noveboracensis | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Jack-in-the-pulpit, swamp | Arisaerna triphyllurn | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Plants | | Jacob's ladder | Polemonium reptans | Perennial | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Seed | | Jacob's-ladder, bog | Polernoniurn vanbruntlae | Perennial | [3,4],5 | FAC+ | Saturated | Plants | | Joe-pye, purple | Eupatoriadelphus purpureus | Perennial | 3,[4,5] | FAC | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Joe-pye, spotted | Eupatorium maculatus | Perennial | 2,[3,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Lily, turk's-cap | Lilium superbum | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Lizards tail | Saururus cernuus | Perennial | 2,3,4 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants | | Lotus, American | Nelumbo lutea | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 1-5' | Plants, Seed | | Lovegrass, purple/tumble | Eragrostis spectabilis | Grass | [5,6] | NI | No | Plants, Seed | | Mallow, swamp rose | Hibiscus moscheutos | Perennial | 2,3 | OBL | 0-3" | Plants | | Mallow, Virginia seashore | Kosteletzkya virginica | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes, saltedge | Plants | | Managrass, American | Glyceria grandis | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Managrass, Atlantic | Glyceria obtusa | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants, Seed | | Managrass, fowl | Glyceria striata | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | Seasonal | Plants, Seed | | Managrass, rattlesnake | Glyceria canadensis | Grass | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants, Seed | | Marsh marigold | Caltha palustris | Perennial | 3,4 | OBL | 6", saturated | Plants, Seed | | Marsh-mallow, common | Althaea officinalis | Perennial | [1,2,3] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Meadow-rue, tall | Thalictrum pubescens | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Seed, Plants | | Milkweed, swamp | Asclepias incarnata | Perennial | 2,3 | OBL | Saturated | Plants, Seed | | Monkey-flower | Mimulus ringens | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |15. Table 15¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mountain-mint, slender | Pycnantheinum tenuifolium | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Nutsedge/ chufa | Cyperus esculentus | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants |
| Panicgrass, coastal | Panicum amarulum | Grass | 3,4,[5,6] | FACU- | Yes | Seed, Plants |
| Partridge-berry | Mitchella repens | Groundcover | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Plants |
| Pennsylvania smartweed | Polygonum pensylvanicum | Annual | [2,3] | FACW | 0-6” | Plants, Seed |
| Phlox, meadow | Phlox maculata | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants |
| Phlox, thick-leaf | Phlox carolina | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACU | No | Plants |
| Pickerelweed | Pontederia cordata | Perennial | 2,3 | OBL | 0-1’ | Plants, Seed |
| Pondweed, long-leaf | Potamogeton nodosus | Perennial | [1,2] | OBL | 1’ min-6’ | Plants |
| Pondweed, sago | Potamogeton pectinatus | Perennial | [1,2] | OBL | 1’ min-24’ | Plants |
| Primrose, evening | Oenothera biennis | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACU- | No | Seed |
| Reedgrass, bluejoint | Calamagrostis canadensis | Grass | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | 6”, saturated | Seed, Plants |
| Reedgrass, wood | Cinna arundinacea | Perennial | 2,[3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Rush, baltic | Juncus balticus | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Rush, bayonet | Juncus militaris | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Rush, blackgrass | Juncus gerardii | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes, saltedge | Plants, Seed |
| Rush, Canada | Juncus canadensis | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Rush, needlegrass | Juncus roemerianus | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes, saltedge | Plants, Seed |
| Rush, soft | Juncus effusus | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | 0-1 | Plants, Seed |
| Saltgrass, seashore | Distichlis spicata | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Salt, edge | Plants |
| Sedge, awl | Carex stipata | Grass-like | [4,5],6 | NI | No | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, bearded | Carex comosa | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 6”, saturated | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, bladder | Carex intumescens | Grass-like | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, broom | Carex scoparia | Grass-like | [3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, fox | Carex vulpinoidea | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Sat. 0-6” | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, fringed | Carex crinita | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, hop | Carex lupulina | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Seed |
| Sedge, lakebank | Carex lacustris | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Sat. 0-2 | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, pennsylvania | Carex pennsylvanica | Grass-like | [5,6] | NI | No | Plants |
| Sedge, shallow | Carex lurida | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, short's | Carex shortiana | Grass-like | 3,[4,5] | FAC | Yes | Plants |
| Sedge, three-sided | Dulichium arundinaceum | Grass-like | 1,[2,3] | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, tussock | Carex stricta | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Sat, 0-6” | Plants, Seed |
| Sedge, yellow-fruit | Carex annectens | Grass-like | [2,3]4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Seedbox | Ludwigia x lacustris | Annual | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Senna, Maryland | Cassia marilandica | Legume | 3,[4,5] | FAC | Saturated | Seed |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. | Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Mountain-mint, slender | Pycnantheinum tenuifolium | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Nutsedge/ chufa | Cyperus esculentus | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Seed, Plants | | Panicgrass, coastal | Panicum amarulum | Grass | 3,4,[5,6] | FACU- | Yes | Seed, Plants | | Partridge-berry | Mitchella repens | Groundcover | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Plants | | Pennsylvania smartweed | Polygonum pensylvanicum | Annual | [2,3] | FACW | 0-6” | Plants, Seed | | Phlox, meadow | Phlox maculata | Perennial | [2,3,4] | FACW | Yes | Plants | | Phlox, thick-leaf | Phlox carolina | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACU | No | Plants | | Pickerelweed | Pontederia cordata | Perennial | 2,3 | OBL | 0-1’ | Plants, Seed | | Pondweed, long-leaf | Potamogeton nodosus | Perennial | [1,2] | OBL | 1’ min-6’ | Plants | | Pondweed, sago | Potamogeton pectinatus | Perennial | [1,2] | OBL | 1’ min-24’ | Plants | | Primrose, evening | Oenothera biennis | Perennial | 4,[5,6] | FACU- | No | Seed | | Reedgrass, bluejoint | Calamagrostis canadensis | Grass | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | 6”, saturated | Seed, Plants | | Reedgrass, wood | Cinna arundinacea | Perennial | 2,[3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Rush, baltic | Juncus balticus | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Rush, bayonet | Juncus militaris | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Rush, blackgrass | Juncus gerardii | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes, saltedge | Plants, Seed | | Rush, Canada | Juncus canadensis | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Rush, needlegrass | Juncus roemerianus | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes, saltedge | Plants, Seed | | Rush, soft | Juncus effusus | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | 0-1 | Plants, Seed | | Saltgrass, seashore | Distichlis spicata | Grass | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Salt, edge | Plants | | Sedge, awl | Carex stipata | Grass-like | [4,5],6 | NI | No | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, bearded | Carex comosa | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 6”, saturated | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, bladder | Carex intumescens | Grass-like | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, broom | Carex scoparia | Grass-like | [3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, fox | Carex vulpinoidea | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Sat. 0-6” | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, fringed | Carex crinita | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, hop | Carex lupulina | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Seed | | Sedge, lakebank | Carex lacustris | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Sat. 0-2 | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, pennsylvania | Carex pennsylvanica | Grass-like | [5,6] | NI | No | Plants | | Sedge, shallow | Carex lurida | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, short's | Carex shortiana | Grass-like | 3,[4,5] | FAC | Yes | Plants | | Sedge, three-sided | Dulichium arundinaceum | Grass-like | 1,[2,3] | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, tussock | Carex stricta | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Sat, 0-6” | Plants, Seed | | Sedge, yellow-fruit | Carex annectens | Grass-like | [2,3]4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Seedbox | Ludwigia x lacustris | Annual | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Senna, Maryland | Cassia marilandica | Legume | 3,[4,5] | FAC | Saturated | Seed |16. Table 16¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sneezeweed, common | Helenium autumnale | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Seed |
| Solomon's-seal, small | Polygonatum biflorum | Perennial | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Plants |
| Spikerush, blunt | Eleocharis obtusa | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6" | Plants |
| Spikerush, creeping | Eleocharis palustris | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Seasonal | Plants,Seed |
| Spikerush, square-stem | Eleocharis quadrangulata | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants |
| St. John'swort, marsh | Triadenum virginicum | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Seed |
| Swamp-loosestrife, hairy | Decodon verticillatus | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants |
| Sweetflag | Acorus americanus | Perennial | 1,[2,3] | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum | Grass | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Seed & Plants |
| Turtlehead, red | Chelone obliqua | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants |
| Turtlehead, white | Chelone glabra | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Vervain, blue | Verbena hastata | Perennial | [2,3]4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Virginia/riparian wild rye | Elymus virginicus/riparius | Grass | 2,[3,4] | FACW- | Yes | Seed & Plants |
| Water-lily, white | Nymphaea odorata | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 1-3' | Plants |
| Water-lily, yellow (spatterdock) | Nuphars luteum | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 1-3' | Plants |
| Water-plantain | Alisma plantago-aquatica | Perennial | [2,3],4 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed |
| Woolgrass | Scirpus cyperinus | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. | Common Name | Scientific Name | Plant Type | Hydrologic Zone | Wetland Indicator | Inundation Tolerance | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Sneezeweed, common | Helenium autumnale | Perennial | [2,3],4 | FACW+ | Yes | Seed | | Solomon's-seal, small | Polygonatum biflorum | Perennial | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Plants | | Spikerush, blunt | Eleocharis obtusa | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6" | Plants | | Spikerush, creeping | Eleocharis palustris | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | Seasonal | Plants,Seed | | Spikerush, square-stem | Eleocharis quadrangulata | Grass-like | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-1' | Plants | | St. John'swort, marsh | Triadenum virginicum | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Seed | | Swamp-loosestrife, hairy | Decodon verticillatus | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants | | Sweetflag | Acorus americanus | Perennial | 1,[2,3] | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum | Grass | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Seed & Plants | | Turtlehead, red | Chelone obliqua | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants | | Turtlehead, white | Chelone glabra | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Vervain, blue | Verbena hastata | Perennial | [2,3]4 | FACW+ | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Virginia/riparian wild rye | Elymus virginicus/riparius | Grass | 2,[3,4] | FACW- | Yes | Seed & Plants | | Water-lily, white | Nymphaea odorata | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 1-3' | Plants | | Water-lily, yellow (spatterdock) | Nuphars luteum | Perennial | [1,2],3 | OBL | 1-3' | Plants | | Water-plantain | Alisma plantago-aquatica | Perennial | [2,3],4 | OBL | Yes | Plants, Seed | | Woolgrass | Scirpus cyperinus | Grass-like | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Plants, Seed |17. Table 7-10: Stormwater Plant List – Woody Vegetation¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Form | Zone | Indicator | Inundation | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alder, brook-side | Alnus serrulata | Tree | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-3" | Yes |
| Alder, speckled | Alnus rugosa | Tree | [2,3] | FACW+ | Yes | Yes |
| Arrow-wood, southern | Viburnum dentatum | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes |
| Ash, black | Fraxinus nigra | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Saturated | Yes |
| Ash, green | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes |
| Ash, white | Fraxinus americana | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Aspen, big-tooth | Populus grandidentata | Tree | [4,5,6] | FACU | No | Yes, limited |
| Aspen, quaking | Populus tremuloides | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Azalea, dwarf | Rhododendron atlanticum | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | No |
| Azalea, smooth | Rhododendron arborescens | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes |
| Azalea, swamp | Rhododendron viscosum | Shrub | [1,2,3],4 | OBL | Seasonal | Yes |
| Basswood, American | Tilia americana | Tree | 3,[4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Bayberry, northern | Myrica pennsylvanica | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes |
| Bayberry, southern | Myrica cerifera | Shrub | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC | Reg.inunda | Yes |
| Beech, American | Fagus grandifolia | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Birch, gray | Betula populifolia | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes |
| Birch, river | Betula nigra | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes |
| Birch, yellow | Betula lutea | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | No |
| Black gum, swamp tupelo | Nyssa sylvatica | Tree | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Seasonal | Yes |
| Black-haw | Viburnum prunifolium | Shrub | [3,4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | Yes |
| Blueberry, bog | Vaccinium uliginosum | Shrub | 2,3,4,5,6 | FACU+ | Yes | No |
| Blueberry, highbush | Vaccinium corymbosum | Shrub | [2,3] | FACW- | Seasonal | Yes |
| Blueberry, lowbush | Vaccinium angustifolium | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU- | No | Yes |
| Box-elder | Acer negundo | Tree | 2,[3,4] | FAC+ | Seasonal | Yes |
| Butternut | Juglans cinerea | Tree | [3,4,5,6] | FACU+ | Yes | Yes |
| Buttonbush, common | Cephalanthus occidentalis | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-3' | Yes |
| Cedar, atlantic white | Chamaecyparis thyoides | Tree | [1,2],3 | OBL | Saturated | Yes |
| Cedar, eastern red | Juniperus virginiana | Shrub | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Cedar, northern white | Thuja occidentalis | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes |
| Cherry, black | Prunus serotina | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Cherry, choke | Prunus virginiana | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | Yes | Yes |
| Cotton-wood, eastern | Populus deltoides | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes |
| Dangle-berry | Gaylussacia frondosa | Shrub | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes, limited |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. Table 7-10: Stormwater Plant List – Woody Vegetation | Common Name | Scientific Name | Form | Zone | Indicator | Inundation | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Alder, brook-side | Alnus serrulata | Tree | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-3" | Yes | | Alder, speckled | Alnus rugosa | Tree | [2,3] | FACW+ | Yes | Yes | | Arrow-wood, southern | Viburnum dentatum | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes | | Ash, black | Fraxinus nigra | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Saturated | Yes | | Ash, green | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes | | Ash, white | Fraxinus americana | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Aspen, big-tooth | Populus grandidentata | Tree | [4,5,6] | FACU | No | Yes, limited | | Aspen, quaking | Populus tremuloides | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | Yes, limited | | Azalea, dwarf | Rhododendron atlanticum | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | No | | Azalea, smooth | Rhododendron arborescens | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes | | Azalea, swamp | Rhododendron viscosum | Shrub | [1,2,3],4 | OBL | Seasonal | Yes | | Basswood, American | Tilia americana | Tree | 3,[4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Bayberry, northern | Myrica pennsylvanica | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes | | Bayberry, southern | Myrica cerifera | Shrub | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC | Reg.inunda | Yes | | Beech, American | Fagus grandifolia | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Birch, gray | Betula populifolia | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes | | Birch, river | Betula nigra | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes | | Birch, yellow | Betula lutea | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | No | | Black gum, swamp tupelo | Nyssa sylvatica | Tree | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Seasonal | Yes | | Black-haw | Viburnum prunifolium | Shrub | [3,4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | Yes | | Blueberry, bog | Vaccinium uliginosum | Shrub | 2,3,4,5,6 | FACU+ | Yes | No | | Blueberry, highbush | Vaccinium corymbosum | Shrub | [2,3] | FACW- | Seasonal | Yes | | Blueberry, lowbush | Vaccinium angustifolium | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU- | No | Yes | | Box-elder | Acer negundo | Tree | 2,[3,4] | FAC+ | Seasonal | Yes | | Butternut | Juglans cinerea | Tree | [3,4,5,6] | FACU+ | Yes | Yes | | Buttonbush, common | Cephalanthus occidentalis | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-3' | Yes | | Cedar, atlantic white | Chamaecyparis thyoides | Tree | [1,2],3 | OBL | Saturated | Yes | | Cedar, eastern red | Juniperus virginiana | Shrub | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Cedar, northern white | Thuja occidentalis | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes | | Cherry, black | Prunus serotina | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Cherry, choke | Prunus virginiana | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | Yes | Yes | | Cotton-wood, eastern | Populus deltoides | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes | | Dangle-berry | Gaylussacia frondosa | Shrub | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes, limited |18. Table 18¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Form | Zone | Indicator | Inundation | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dog-hobble, coastal | Leucothoe axillaris | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FACW+ | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Dogwood, flowering | Cornus florida | Shrub-Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU- | No | Yes |
| Dogwood, gray | Cornus racemosa | Shrub | [3,4],5 | UPL | Seasonal | Yes |
| Dogwood, redtwig | Cornus serecia | Shrub | 1,2[3,4],5 | FACW+ | Yes | Yes |
| Dogwood, silky | Cornus amomum | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes |
| Elm, slippery | Ulmus rubra | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes |
| Fetterbush | Leucothoe racemosa | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FACW | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Fetter-bush | Lyonia lucida | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Germander, American | Teucrium canadense | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | No |
| Groundsel tree | Baccheris halimifolia | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW | 0-6" | Yes |
| Gum, sweet | Liquidambar styraciflua | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes |
| Hackberry, common | Celtis occidentalis | Shrub-Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | Seasonal | Yes |
| Hawthorn, cockspur | Crataegus crus-galli | Tree | 2,[3,4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | No |
| Hawthorn, downy | Crataegus mollis | Tree | 1,2,[3,4,5] | FACU | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Hawthorn, parsley | Crataegus marshallii | Tree | [1,2,3,4],5, | FACU+ | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Hazel-nut, American | Corylus americana | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU- | No | Yes |
| Hazel-nut, beaked | Corylus cornuta | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU- | No | No |
| Hemlock, eastern | Tsuga canadensis | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Hickory, big shellbark | Carya laciniosa | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes |
| Hickory, bitter-nut | Carya cordiformis | Tree | 4,[5,6] | FACU+ | No | Yes |
| Hickory, pecan | Carya illinoensis | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | Yes |
| Hickory, red | Carya ovalis | Tree | 4,[5,6] | FACU- | No | No |
| Hickory, shag-bark | Carya ovata | Tree | 4,[5,6] | FACU- | Yes | Yes |
| Hickory, sweet pignut | Carya glabra | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU- | No | No |
| Holly, American | Ilex opaca | Shrub | 4,5,6 | FACU | Limited | Yes |
| Holly, deciduous | Ilex decidua | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4,5] | FACW-, FACW | Seasonal | Yes |
| Hop-hornbeam, eastern | Ostrya virginiana | Shrub-Tree | [3,4,5,6] | FACU- | Seasonal | Yes |
| Hornbeam, American | Carpinus caroliniana | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Some | Yes |
| Huckleberry, black | Gaylussacia baccata | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FACU | No | No |
| Huckleberry, dwarf | Gaylussacia dumosa | Shrub | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | No |
| Hydrangea, wild | Hydrangea arborescens | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | UPL, FACU | No | No |
| Inkberry | Ilex glabra | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW- | Seasonal | Yes |
| Laurel, mountain | Kairnia latifolia | Shrub | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Locust, black | Robinia pseudoacacia | Tree | 4,[5,6] | FACU | Yes | Yes |
| Magnolia, sweet bay | Magnolia virginiana | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes |
| Maleberry | Lyonia ligustrina | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Maple, mountain | Acer spicatum | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | No |
| Maple, red | Acer rubrurn | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes |
| Maple, silver | Acer saccharinum | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. | Common Name | Scientific Name | Form | Zone | Indicator | Inundation | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Dog-hobble, coastal | Leucothoe axillaris | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FACW+ | Yes | Yes, limited | | Dogwood, flowering | Cornus florida | Shrub-Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU- | No | Yes | | Dogwood, gray | Cornus racemosa | Shrub | [3,4],5 | UPL | Seasonal | Yes | | Dogwood, redtwig | Cornus serecia | Shrub | 1,2[3,4],5 | FACW+ | Yes | Yes | | Dogwood, silky | Cornus amomum | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes | | Elm, slippery | Ulmus rubra | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes | | Fetterbush | Leucothoe racemosa | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FACW | Yes | Yes, limited | | Fetter-bush | Lyonia lucida | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes, limited | | Germander, American | Teucrium canadense | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | No | | Groundsel tree | Baccheris halimifolia | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW | 0-6" | Yes | | Gum, sweet | Liquidambar styraciflua | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes | | Hackberry, common | Celtis occidentalis | Shrub-Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | Seasonal | Yes | | Hawthorn, cockspur | Crataegus crus-galli | Tree | 2,[3,4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | No | | Hawthorn, downy | Crataegus mollis | Tree | 1,2,[3,4,5] | FACU | Yes | Yes, limited | | Hawthorn, parsley | Crataegus marshallii | Tree | [1,2,3,4],5, | FACU+ | Yes | Yes, limited | | Hazel-nut, American | Corylus americana | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU- | No | Yes | | Hazel-nut, beaked | Corylus cornuta | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU- | No | No | | Hemlock, eastern | Tsuga canadensis | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Hickory, big shellbark | Carya laciniosa | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes | | Hickory, bitter-nut | Carya cordiformis | Tree | 4,[5,6] | FACU+ | No | Yes | | Hickory, pecan | Carya illinoensis | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | Yes | | Hickory, red | Carya ovalis | Tree | 4,[5,6] | FACU- | No | No | | Hickory, shag-bark | Carya ovata | Tree | 4,[5,6] | FACU- | Yes | Yes | | Hickory, sweet pignut | Carya glabra | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU- | No | No | | Holly, American | Ilex opaca | Shrub | 4,5,6 | FACU | Limited | Yes | | Holly, deciduous | Ilex decidua | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4,5] | FACW-, FACW | Seasonal | Yes | | Hop-hornbeam, eastern | Ostrya virginiana | Shrub-Tree | [3,4,5,6] | FACU- | Seasonal | Yes | | Hornbeam, American | Carpinus caroliniana | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Some | Yes | | Huckleberry, black | Gaylussacia baccata | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FACU | No | No | | Huckleberry, dwarf | Gaylussacia dumosa | Shrub | 2,[3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | No | | Hydrangea, wild | Hydrangea arborescens | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | UPL, FACU | No | No | | Inkberry | Ilex glabra | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW- | Seasonal | Yes | | Laurel, mountain | Kairnia latifolia | Shrub | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Locust, black | Robinia pseudoacacia | Tree | 4,[5,6] | FACU | Yes | Yes | | Magnolia, sweet bay | Magnolia virginiana | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes | | Maleberry | Lyonia ligustrina | Shrub | [2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes, limited | | Maple, mountain | Acer spicatum | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | No | | Maple, red | Acer rubrurn | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes | | Maple, silver | Acer saccharinum | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes |19. Table 19¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Form | Zone | Indicator | Inundation | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maple, striped | Acer pensylvanicum | Shrub-Tree | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU | No | No |
| Marsh elder | Iva frutescens | Shrub | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Yes | |
| Meadow-sweet, broad-leaf | Spiraea latifolia | Shrub | [2,3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Yes |
| Meadow-sweet, narrow-leaf | Spiraea alba | Shrub | [1,2,3,4],5 | FACW+ | Yes | No |
| Nannyberry | Vi burn urn lentago | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes |
| Ninebark, eastern | Physocarpus opulifolius | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW- | Yes | Yes |
| Oak, bur | Quercus macrocarpa | Tree | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC- | Yes | Yes |
| Oak, chestnut | Quercus prinus | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Oak, chinkapin | Quercus rnuhlenbergii | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes |
| Oak, overcup | Quercus lyrata | Tree | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Yes |
| Oak, pin | Quercus palustris | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes |
| Oak, post | Quercus stellata | Tree | 3,[4,5,6] | NI | No | Yes, limited |
| Oak, red | Quercus rubra | Tree | 6 | FACU- | No | Yes |
| Oak, scarlet | Quercus coccinea | Tree | 6 | No | Yes | |
| Oak, shumard | Quercus shumardii | Tree | 2,[3,4] | FAC+ | Yes | Yes |
| Oak, swamp chestnut | Quercus michauxii | Tree | 1,[2,3,4,5] | FACW | Yes | Yes |
| Oak, swamp white | Quercus bicolor | Tree | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Seasonal | Yes |
| Oak, water | Quercus nigra | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes |
| Oak, white | Quercus alba | Tree | [4,5,6] | FACU | Yes | Yes |
| Oak, willow | Quercus phellos | Tree | 2,[3,4] | FAC+ | Seasonal | Yes |
| Pepper-bush, sweet | Clethra alnifolia | Shrub | 2[3,4] | FAC+ | Seasonal | Yes |
| Pine, eastern white | Pinus strobus | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Pine, loblolly | Pinus taeda | Tree | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC- | Seasonal | Yes |
| Pine, pitch | Pinus rigida | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | Seasonal | Yes |
| Pine, pond | Pinus serotina | Tree | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | No |
| Pine, virginia | Pinus virginiana | Tree | 6 | No | Yes | |
| Redbud, eastern | Cercis canadensis | Shrub-Tree | 3[4,5,6] | UPL, FACU | No | Yes |
| Rh000dendron, rosebay | Rhododendron maximum | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | No |
| Rhododendron | Rhododendron canadense | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Rose, pasture | Rosa carolina | Shrub | [5,6] | NI | No | Yes |
| Rose, swamp | Rosa palustris | Shrub | [2,3]4 | OBL | Yes | Yes |
| Rose, virginia | Rosa virginiana | Shrub | [3,4]5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes |
| Rosemary, bog | Andromeda polifolia | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | No |
| Sand-myrtle | Leiophyllum buxifolium | Shrub | 3,4[5,6] | FACU- | No | No |
| Sassafras | Sassafras albidum | Tree | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU- | No | Yes |
| Service-berry, downy | Amelanchier arborea | Shrub-Tree | 2,[3,4,5] | FAC- | Yes | Yes |
| Sheep-laurel | Kalmia angustifolia | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC | Yes | Yes |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. | Common Name | Scientific Name | Form | Zone | Indicator | Inundation | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Maple, striped | Acer pensylvanicum | Shrub-Tree | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU | No | No | | Marsh elder | Iva frutescens | Shrub | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | | Yes | | Meadow-sweet, broad-leaf | Spiraea latifolia | Shrub | [2,3,4] | FACW+ | Yes | Yes | | Meadow-sweet, narrow-leaf | Spiraea alba | Shrub | [1,2,3,4],5 | FACW+ | Yes | No | | Nannyberry | Vi burn urn lentago | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes | | Ninebark, eastern | Physocarpus opulifolius | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW- | Yes | Yes | | Oak, bur | Quercus macrocarpa | Tree | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC- | Yes | Yes | | Oak, chestnut | Quercus prinus | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Oak, chinkapin | Quercus rnuhlenbergii | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | Yes | | Oak, overcup | Quercus lyrata | Tree | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Yes | | Oak, pin | Quercus palustris | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW | Seasonal | Yes | | Oak, post | Quercus stellata | Tree | 3,[4,5,6] | NI | No | Yes, limited | | Oak, red | Quercus rubra | Tree | 6 | FACU- | No | Yes | | Oak, scarlet | Quercus coccinea | Tree | 6 | | No | Yes | | Oak, shumard | Quercus shumardii | Tree | 2,[3,4] | FAC+ | Yes | Yes | | Oak, swamp chestnut | Quercus michauxii | Tree | 1,[2,3,4,5] | FACW | Yes | Yes | | Oak, swamp white | Quercus bicolor | Tree | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Seasonal | Yes | | Oak, water | Quercus nigra | Tree | [3,4],5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes | | Oak, white | Quercus alba | Tree | [4,5,6] | FACU | Yes | Yes | | Oak, willow | Quercus phellos | Tree | 2,[3,4] | FAC+ | Seasonal | Yes | | Pepper-bush, sweet | Clethra alnifolia | Shrub | 2[3,4] | FAC+ | Seasonal | Yes | | Pine, eastern white | Pinus strobus | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Pine, loblolly | Pinus taeda | Tree | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC- | Seasonal | Yes | | Pine, pitch | Pinus rigida | Tree | 4,5,6 | FACU | Seasonal | Yes | | Pine, pond | Pinus serotina | Tree | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | No | | Pine, virginia | Pinus virginiana | Tree | 6 | | No | Yes | | Redbud, eastern | Cercis canadensis | Shrub-Tree | 3[4,5,6] | UPL, FACU | No | Yes | | Rh000dendron, rosebay | Rhododendron maximum | Shrub | [3,4],5 | FAC | Yes | No | | Rhododendron | Rhododendron canadense | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes, limited | | Rose, pasture | Rosa carolina | Shrub | [5,6] | NI | No | Yes | | Rose, swamp | Rosa palustris | Shrub | [2,3]4 | OBL | Yes | Yes | | Rose, virginia | Rosa virginiana | Shrub | [3,4]5 | FAC | Seasonal | Yes | | Rosemary, bog | Andromeda polifolia | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | No | | Sand-myrtle | Leiophyllum buxifolium | Shrub | 3,4[5,6] | FACU- | No | No | | Sassafras | Sassafras albidum | Tree | 3,[4,5,6] | FACU- | No | Yes | | Service-berry, downy | Amelanchier arborea | Shrub-Tree | 2,[3,4,5] | FAC- | Yes | Yes | | Sheep-laurel | Kalmia angustifolia | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC | Yes | Yes |20. Table 20¶
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Form | Zone | Indicator | Inundation | Commercial Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silver-berry, American | Elaeagnus commutata | Shrub | [6] | NI | No | No |
| Stagger-bush, piedmont | Lyonia mariana | Shrub | [3,4],5,6 | FAC- | Yes | Yes, limited |
| Steeple-bush | Spiraea tomentosa | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes |
| Strawberry-bush, American | Euonymus americanus | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4,5] | FAC | Yes | Yes |
| Sugar-berry | Celtis laevigata | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4,5],6 | FACW | Yes | Yes |
| Sycamore, amer1can | Platanus occidentalis | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW- | Saturated | Yes |
| Teaberry | Gaultheria procumbens | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes |
| Tree, tulip | Liriodendron tulipifera | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | Yes |
| Viburnum, maple-leaf | Viburnum acerifolium | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | NI | No | Yes |
| Viburnum, possum-haw | Viburnum nudum | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Yes |
| Willow, black | Salix nigra | Tree | [2,3] | FACWI- | Seasonal | Yes |
| Willow, pussy | Salix discolor | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Yes |
| Willow, silky | Salix sericea | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Yes |
| Willow, tall prairie | Salix humilis | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FACU | No | No |
| Willow, virginia | Itea virginica | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6~ | Yes |
| Winterberry, common | Ilex verticillata | Shrub | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Seasonal | Yes |
| Witch-alder, dwarf | Fothergilla gardenii | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes |
| Witch-hazel, American | Hamamelis virginiana | Shrub-Tree | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC- | No | Yes |
| Withe-rod | Viburnum cassinoides | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes |
| Yew, American | Taxus canadensis | Shrub | [3,4,5],6 | FAC | Yes | Yes |
Source context and notes
# Landscaping Source revision: February 2004. | Common Name | Scientific Name | Form | Zone | Indicator | Inundation | Commercial Availability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Silver-berry, American | Elaeagnus commutata | Shrub | [6] | NI | No | No | | Stagger-bush, piedmont | Lyonia mariana | Shrub | [3,4],5,6 | FAC- | Yes | Yes, limited | | Steeple-bush | Spiraea tomentosa | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes | | Strawberry-bush, American | Euonymus americanus | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4,5] | FAC | Yes | Yes | | Sugar-berry | Celtis laevigata | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4,5],6 | FACW | Yes | Yes | | Sycamore, amer1can | Platanus occidentalis | Tree | [2,3],4 | FACW- | Saturated | Yes | | Teaberry | Gaultheria procumbens | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FACU | No | Yes | | Tree, tulip | Liriodendron tulipifera | Tree | [4,5],6 | FACU | Yes | Yes | | Viburnum, maple-leaf | Viburnum acerifolium | Shrub | 3,[4,5,6] | NI | No | Yes | | Viburnum, possum-haw | Viburnum nudum | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Yes | | Willow, black | Salix nigra | Tree | [2,3] | FACWI- | Seasonal | Yes | | Willow, pussy | Salix discolor | Shrub | [2,3],4 | FACW | Yes | Yes | | Willow, silky | Salix sericea | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | Yes | Yes | | Willow, tall prairie | Salix humilis | Shrub | 3,[4,5],6 | FACU | No | No | | Willow, virginia | Itea virginica | Shrub | [1,2],3 | OBL | 0-6~ | Yes | | Winterberry, common | Ilex verticillata | Shrub | 1,[2,3] | FACW+ | Seasonal | Yes | | Witch-alder, dwarf | Fothergilla gardenii | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes | | Witch-hazel, American | Hamamelis virginiana | Shrub-Tree | 3,[4,5],6 | FAC- | No | Yes | | Withe-rod | Viburnum cassinoides | Shrub | 1,[2,3,4],5 | FACW | Yes | Yes | | Yew, American | Taxus canadensis | Shrub | [3,4,5],6 | FAC | Yes | Yes |Images on table pages¶
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